Kasvisruokaa kouluun – kokeileva tutkimus ruokavaliomurroksen tukena

Minna Kaljonen; Taru Peltola; Marita Kettunen; Marja Salo; Eeva Furman

doi:10.30663/ay.75114

Kirjoittajat

Minna Kaljonen Suomen ympäristökeskus http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8067-2402
Taru Peltola Suomen ympäristökeskus
Marita Kettunen Helsingin yliopisto, Suomen ympäristökeskus
Marja Salo Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsingin yliopisto
Eeva Furman

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.30663/ay.75114

Avainsanat:

kouluruoka, ruoka, kestävyys, kokeilut, kokeileva tutkimus

Abstrakti

Mitigation of climate change urges to reduce our meat consumption. This necessitates new eating practices and ways of thinking about food. In this paper we discuss how experimentative research can participate in making such changes. We introduce notions of pragmatic tinkering, speculative thinking and ethical discussion and evaluate their contribution to understanding of change in everyday practices. We investigate their prospects in relation to our experiments with sustainable school dining. In these experiments we introduced a free vegetarian choice to school meals and engaged pupils in their development. The results highlight the dynamic nature of change in everyday practices. The notion of tinkering highlights the small adjustments needed to reconcile the different goals in school dining. Our results stress that the practical adjustments easily uphold the conventional practices. Speculative thinking is needed in challenging them. In our experiments, the engagement of pupils opened places for hesitation, and eventually also to new ways of thinking about school food. The pupils also challenged our experiments. They reminded how eating is entangled to our shared cultural meanings on food, but also to our identity and understandings of gender. In future, experimentative research should build settings, which allow them becoming more multiple as well.

Lähdeviitteet

Ansell, C.K., Bartenberger, M., 2016. Varieties of experimentalism. Ecological Economics 130, 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2016.05.016
Caniglia, G., Schäpke, N., Lang, D.J., Abson, D.J., Luederitz, C., Wiek, A., Laubichler, M.D., Gralla, F., von Wehrden, H., 2017. Experiments and evidence in sustainability science: A typology. Journal of Cleaner Production, Experimentation for climate change solutions 169, 39–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.05.164
Dewey, J., 1924. The Public and its problems.
Gabrys, J., 2014. A Cosmopolitics of Energy: Diverging Materialities and Hesitating Practices. Environ Plan A 46, 2095–2109. https://doi.org/10.1068/a468
Godfray, H.C.J., Beddington, J.R., Crute, I.R., Haddad, L., Lawrence, D., Muir, J.F., Pretty, J., Robinson, S., Thomas, S.M., Toulmin, C., 2010. Food Security: The Challenge of Feeding 9 Billion People. Science 327, 812–818. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1185383
Heiskanen, E., Matschoss, K., 2016. Paikallisten ilmastokokeilujen arvioimisen haasteet. 1 45, 45–58.
Heuts, F., Mol, A., 2013. What Is a Good Tomato? A Case of Valuing in Practice. Valuation Studies 1, 125–146. https://doi.org/10.3384/vs.2001-5992.1312125
Hildén, M., Jordan, A., Huitema, D., 2017. Special issue on experimentation for climate change solutions editorial: The search for climate change and sustainability solutions - The promise and the pitfalls of experimentation. Journal of Cleaner Production, Experimentation for climate change solutions 169, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.019
Hoppu, U., Lehtisalo, J., Tapanainen, H., Pietinen, P., 2010. Dietary habits and nutrient intake of Finnish adolescents. Public Health Nutrition 13, 965–972. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980010001175
Jalas, M., Hyysalo, S., Heiskanen, E., Lovio, R., Nissinen, A., Mattinen, M., Rinkinen, J., Juntunen, J.K., Tainio, P., Nissilä, H., 2017. Everyday experimentation in energy transition: A practice-theoretical view. Journal of Cleaner Production, Experimentation for climate change solutions 169, 77–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.034
Junnilainen, L., 2011. Lihan syömisen oikeudesta - Miksi kaupunginvaltuutetut riitelevät kasvisruokapäivästä? Helsingin yliopisto, Valtiotieteellinen tiedekunta, Sosiaalitieteiden laitos.
Laakso, S., Berg, A., Annala, M., 2017. Dynamics of experimental governance: A meta-study of functions and uses of climate governance experiments. Journal of Cleaner Production, Experimentation for climate change solutions 169, 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.04.140
Law, J., 2004. After Method: Mess in Social Science Research. Routledge, London.
Lehto, J., 2018. Lihasta luovutaan pikkuhiljaa – myös muualla kuin pääkaupunkiseudulla. Tieto & Trendit, Asiantuntija-artikkelit ja ajankohtaisblogit. Tilastokeskus.
Lintukangas, S., 2009. Kouluruokailuhenkilöstä matkalla kasvattajaksi, Kotitalous- ja käsityötieteiden laitoksen julkaisuja 20. Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki.
Lombardini, C., Lankoski, L., 2013. Forced Choice Restriction in Promoting Sustainable Food Consumption: Intended and Unintended Effects of the Mandatory Vegetarian Day in Helsinki Schools. J Consum Policy 36, 159–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-013-9221-5
Luonnonvarakeskus, 2018. Ravintotase 2017 ennakko ja 2016 lopulliset tiedot.
Marres, N., 2009. Testing Powers of Engagement: Green Living Experiments, the Ontological Turn and the Undoability of Involvement. European Journal of Social Theory 12, 117–133. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368431008099647
McMichael, A.J., Powles, J.W., Butler, C.D., Uauy, R., 2007. Food, livestock production, energy, climate change, and health. The Lancet 370, 1253–1263. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61256-2
Mol, A., 2013. Mind your plate! The ontonorms of Dutch dieting. Soc Stud Sci 43, 379–396. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306312712456948
Mol, A., 2010. Care and its values. Good food in the nursing home., in: Care in Practice. On Tinkering in Clinics, Homes and Farms. Transcript, Bielefeld.
Mol, A., 2002. The Body Multiple: Ontology in Medical Practice. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9780822384151
Mol, A., Moser, ingunn, Pols, J., 2010. Care in Practice: On Tinkering in Clinics, Homes and Farms. Transcript Verlag, Bielefeld.
Opetushallitus, 2014. Perusopetuksen opetussuunnitelman perusteet.
Perusopetuslaki 31§ (13.6.203/1136), n.d.
Raulio, S., Tapanainen, H., Nelimarkka, K., Kuusipalo, H., Virtanen, S., 2018. Kuudes- ja kahdeksasluokkalaisten ruoankäyttö : Koulujakelujärjestelmätuen alkukartoitus. THL.
Rothberger, H., 2013. Real men don’t eat (vegetable) quiche: Masculinity and the justification of meat consumption. Psychology of Men & Masculinity 14, 363–375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0030379
Rückenstein, M., 2012. Kouluruokailun vaikuttajat. Kansalaiskasvatuksesta kulutuskultttuuriin, in: Lapset Ja Nuoret Instituutioiden Kehyksissä. Nuorten Elinolot -- Vuosikirja 2012, Nuorisotutkimusseura Julkaisuja 131. Nuorisotutkimusverkosto, Terveyden ja hyvinvoinnin laitos, Valtion nuorisoasiain neuvottelukunta, Helsinki, pp. 156–169.
Schot, J., Geels, F.W., 2008. Strategic niche management and sustainable innovation journeys: theory, findings, research agenda, and policy. Technology Analysis & Strategic Management 20, 537–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537320802292651
Shove, E., Pantzar, M., Watson, M., 2012. The dynamics of social practice. Everyday life and how it changes. Sage, London.
Stengers, I., 2010. Including nonhumans in political theory: Opening Pandora’s box?, in: Political Matter. Technoscience, Democracy, and Public Life. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, pp. 3–34.
Talvia, S., Tuijula, T., painossa. Lautasen tuolta puolen: alakoululaisten kouluruokailudiskurssit ja kouluruokailun kehittämiseen heijastuvat jännitteet.
Tukker, A., Goldbohm, R.A., de Koning, A., Verheijden, M., Kleijn, R., Wolf, O., Pérez-Domínguez, I., Rueda-Cantuche, J.M., 2011. Environmental impacts of changes to healthier diets in Europe. Ecological Economics 70, 1776–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2011.05.001
VRN, V. ravitsemusneuvottelukunta, 2017. Syödään ja opitaan yhdessä - kouluruokailusuositus. THL.
VRN, V. ravitsemusneuvottelukunta, 2014. Terveyttä ruoasta -- Suomalaiset ravitsemussuositukset 2014.
Wahlen, S., Heiskanen, E., Aalto, K., 2012. Endorsing Sustainable Food Consumption: Prospects from Public Catering. Journal of Consumer Policy 35, 7–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-011-9183-4
Warde, A., 2016. Practice of Eating. Polity.
Wittmayer, J.M., Schäpke, N., 2014. Action, research and participation: roles of researchers in sustainability transitions. Sustain Sci 9, 483–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-014-0258-4
Yle, 2018. Puolustusministeri kimpaantui armeijan kasvislinjasta: “Ideologista pakkotuputusta ei tarvita” – Pyytää kasvisruoasta selvityksen. Yle uutiset.
Ympäristöministeriö, 2017. Valtioneuvoston selonteko keskipitkän aikavälin ilmastopolitiikan suunnitelmasta vuoteen 2030 – Kohti ilmastoviisasta arkea. Ympäristöministeriö.