"It Was a Bit of a Surprise" – Information Needs and Experiences of Justice Regarding Wind Power in Two Finnish Municipalities

Abstract

Wind power has grown rapidly in Finland, driven by goals of carbon neutrality and energy security. However, efforts to streamline permitting and improve local consultation can lead to conflicting objectives. This study examines decision-making and resident experiences in two northern municipalities, Simo and Pyhäntä, where large wind power projects have been developed. Based on resident interviews, the analysis applies a justice framework—distributive, recognitive, and procedural. Many residents felt unclear about the broader impacts of wind power, such as land use after turbines are decommissioned. Concerns also included effects on landscapes, wildlife, traffic, and hunting, especially as turbine size and land use needs grow. Interviewees found information fragmented and hard to access. The results highlight how projects often affect small local communities with deep ties to specific areas. Reaching these groups is key to acceptance and fairness. Distributive justice issues emerged around imbalances between developers and residents, and between owners of turbine and transmission line land areas. Recognitive justice concerns were raised by residents who felt overshadowed by developers and landowners in decisions. Improving communication and participation can help reduce conflicts and support the fair and successful development of wind power in Finland.